Abstract
Entrepreneurship within Black and Hispanic American communities extends beyond economic activity, functioning as a mechanism of resistance and adaptation in the face of persistent systemic barriers. This scoping review examines three core dimensions of entrepreneurial resilience: resistance, ingenuity, and optimism. Findings indicate that cultural factors—such as family support, community networks, and intergenerational values—play a critical role in fostering the emergence and sustainability of these ventures, even as structural limitations in access to capital, mentorship, and institutional collaboration persist. By synthesizing academic literature from specialized databases, the review identifies relevant theoretical frameworks and evaluates existing support strategies. The results reveal a duality between necessity-driven and opportunity-driven entrepreneurship, with notable country-level variations across Hispanic America, as reported by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Overall, the evidence highlights both the transformative potential and the ongoing challenges shaping the entrepreneurial ecosystem within these communities.
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