Resumen
La industria azucarera genera grandes volúmenes de cachaza, cuya disposición inadecuada produce impactos ambientales significativos, especialmente por la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero. No obstante, este subproducto presenta un alto contenido de nutrientes esenciales y un considerable potencial energético que aún no ha sido plenamente aprovechado, debido a limitaciones técnicas y a la escasa implementación de tecnologías de valorización. La presente revisión bibliográfica analizó la producción, el manejo y las alternativas de aprovechamiento sostenible de la cachaza, a partir del examen de 39 fuentes científicas especializadas. La información se recopiló mediante una revisión sistemática y analítica de literatura indexada en bases de datos internacionales como Scopus, ScienceDirect, SciELO y Web of Science. Se priorizaron publicaciones entre 2020 y 2025. Los estudios abordaron propiedades fisicoquímicas, aplicaciones agronómicas y estrategias de valorización, como compostaje, biofertilizantes y aprovechamiento energético, aportando bases para un manejo sostenible.
Citas
N. P. S. Yaduvanshi and D. V. Yadav, “Effects of sulphitation press mud and nitrogen fertilizer on biomass, nitrogen economy and plant composition in sugarcane and on soil chemical properties,” The Journal of Agricultural Science, vol. 114, no. 3, pp. 259–263, 1990, doi: 10.1017/S0021859600072646.
S. D. Yang, J. X. Liu, and J. Wu et al., “Effects of vinasse and press mud application on the biological properties of soils and productivity of sugarcane,” Sugar Tech, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 152–158, 2013, doi: 10.1007/s12355-012-0200-y.
M. Prasad, “Response of sugarcane to filter press mud and N, P, and K fertilizers. II. Effects on plant composition and soil chemical properties,” Agronomy Journal, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 543–547, 1976, doi: 10.2134/agronj1976.00021962006800040003x.
A. Arulazhagan, G. Muthaiyan, and S. Murugaiyan et al., “Press mud: A promising resource for green energy production as fertilizer, fuel and feed,” Sugar Tech, vol. 26, pp. 1078–1087, 2024, doi: 10.1007/s12355-024-01465-2.
L. L. Campiteli, R. M. Santos, G. Lazarovits, and E. C. Rigobelo, “The impact of applications of sugar cane filter cake and vinasse on soil fertility factors in fields having four different crop rotation practices in Brazil,” Científica, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 42–48, 2018, doi: 10.15361/1984-5529.2018v46n1p42-48.
L. M. López González, I. Pereda Reyes, J. Pedraza Garciga, E. L. Barrera, and O. Romero Romero, “Energetic, economic and environmental assessment for the anaerobic digestion of pretreated and codigested press mud,” Waste Management, vol. 102, pp. 249–259, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.053.
W. Wongarmat, A. Reungsang, and S. Sittijunda et al., “Anaerobic co-digestion of biogas effluent and sugarcane filter cake for methane production,” Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, vol. 12, pp. 901–912, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s13399-021-01305-3.
Z. Talha, W. Ding, E. Mehryar, M. Hassan, and J. Bi, “Alkaline pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse and filter mud codigested to improve biomethane production,” BioMed Research International, vol. 2016, Art. no. 8650597, 2016, doi: 10.1155/2016/8650597.
M. Patel and R. Gill, “An overview of press-mud and its unique characteristics,” Krishinetra, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 62–64, 2023.
R. Kumar, D. Verma, B. L. Singh, U. Kumar, and Shweta, “Composting of sugar-cane waste by-products through treatment with microorganisms and subsequent vermicomposting,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, no. 17, pp. 6707–6711, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.111.
V. Poria, P. Jhilta, A. Rana, J. Khokhar, and S. Singh, “Pressmud: A sustainable source of value-added products,” Environmental Technology Reviews, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 187–201, 2022, doi: 10.1080/21622515.2022.2144767.
L. Casas, Y. Hernández, C. Mantell, N. Casdelo, and E. Martínez de la Ossa, “Filter cake oil-wax as raw material for the production of biodiesel: Analysis of the extraction process and the transesterification reaction,” Journal of Chemistry, vol. 2015, Art. no. 946462, 2015, doi: 10.1155/2015/946462.
N. T. Thao and H. Q. Tuan, “Recovering bioactive compounds from cane sugar wastes,” in Recovering Bioactive Compounds from Agricultural Wastes, V. T. Nguyen, Ed. Wiley, 2017, doi: 10.1002/9781119168850.ch7.
M. K. H. Radwan, K. H. Mo, C. C. Onn, C. G. Ng, and T.-C. Ling, “Waste press mud in enhancing the performance of glass powder blended cement,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 313, Art. no. 125469, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125469.
C. G. da Silva and E. Frollini, “Unburned sugarcane bagasse: Bio-based phenolic thermoset composites as an alternative for the management of this agrowaste,” Journal of Polymers and the Environment, vol. 28, pp. 3201–3210, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s10924-020-01848-y.
F. Ortega, F. Versino, and O. V. López et al., “Biobased composites from agro-industrial wastes and by-products,” Emergent Materials, vol. 5, pp. 873–921, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s42247-021-00319-x.
D. Ochi, D. Barbieri, A. F. Reis, P. Severino, A. C. Venturini, C. M. P. Yoshida, E. B. Souto, and C. F. da Silva, “Agro-industrial waste as fillers for green composites,” in Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science, I. Inamuddin, T. Altalhi, and A. Alrooqi, Eds. Elsevier, 2023, pp. 1–26, doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-95183-8.00013-5.
T. S. T. Ibrahim and T. S. Workneh, “The environmental impact of the sugar industry waste in Sudan,” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 195, Art. no. 870, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11401-8.
T. Temesgen, S. Periyasamy, D. Mensur, B. Berhane, S. Sunaina, and M. Jayakumar, “Valorization of wastes and by-products of cane-based sugar industry,” in Value Added Products From Food Waste, E. Cherian and B. Gurunathan, Eds. Springer, 2024, doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-48143-7_10.
M. Meghana and Y. Shastri, “Sustainable valorization of sugar industry waste: Status, opportunities, and challenges,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 303, Art. no. 122929, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122929.
