Resumen
La digitalización aduanera se ha consolidado como un factor estratégico para mejorar la eficiencia operativa y la competitividad del comercio exterior. Este estudio analiza su aplicación en el contexto peruano mediante un enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo y analítico, basado en una revisión sistemática de literatura científica especializada. La selección documental siguió el método PRISMA y permitió examinar aportes sobre ventanilla única, gestión de riesgos, interoperabilidad, automatización documental y tecnologías emergentes aplicadas a la función aduanera. Los resultados evidencian que estas herramientas contribuyen a agilizar el despacho, fortalecer la trazabilidad, reducir cargas administrativas y mejorar la transparencia institucional. Asimismo, se identifican barreras vinculadas con infraestructura tecnológica, articulación interinstitucional, capacitación, seguridad digital y actualización normativa. Se propone un modelo estratégico orientado a modernizar la gestión aduanera peruana y fortalecer su competitividad frente a estándares internacionales.
Citas
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[2] R. Jaloliddin, «Digitalization in Global Trade: Opportunities and Challenges for Investment», GTCJ, vol. 18, n.o Issue 10, pp. 391-395, oct. 2023, doi: 10.54648/GTCJ2023043.
[3] F. Zeng, A. Chen, S. Xu, H. K. Chan, y Y. Li, «Digitalization in the Maritime Logistics Industry: A Systematic Literature Review of Enablers and Barriers», JMSE, vol. 13, n.o 4, p. 797, abr. 2025, doi: 10.3390/jmse13040797.
[4] E. Jones, B. Kira, y R. Tavengerwei, «Norm Entrepreneurship in Digital Trade: The Singapore-led Wave of Digital Trade Agreements», World Trade Review, vol. 23, n.o 2, pp. 208-241, may 2024, doi: 10.1017/S1474745624000089.
[5] C.-R. Han y R. Ireland, «Performance measurement of the KCS customs selectivity system», Risk Manag, vol. 16, n.o 1, pp. 25-43, feb. 2014, doi: 10.1057/rm.2014.2.
[6] S.-B. Kim y D. Kim, «ICT Implementation and Its Effect on Public Organizations: The Case of Digital Customs and Risk Management in Korea», Sustainability, vol. 12, n.o 8, p. 3421, abr. 2020, doi: 10.3390/su12083421.
[7] A. Hardy, «Estonia’s digital diplomacy: Nordic interoperability and the challenges of cross-border e-governance», Internet Policy Review, vol. 13, n.o 3, jul. 2024, doi: 10.14763/2024.3.1785.
[8] M. I. Delgado-Caceres, «Trade Facilitation at the Peru–Chile Land Border: Policy Impact of Digital Importation and Prearrival Declarations», BIG_Review, vol. 4, n.o 2, pp. 132-143, ago. 2023, doi: 10.18357/bigr42202321355.
[9] A. Cataldo et al., «Design of a single window system for e-government services: the chilean case», Journal of Industrial & Management Optimization, vol. 14, n.o 2, pp. 561-582, 2018, doi: 10.3934/jimo.2017060.
[10] A. Schwaiger Calvo y C. Campos, «Mexico: Single Window for Foreign Trade», en Digital Government, S. Falk, A. Römmele, y M. Silverman, Eds., Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017, pp. 85-103. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-38795-6_5.
[11] Y. J. Estrada Izquierdo, «Transformación digital de procesos aduaneros y productividad laboral en Train Perú SAC durante la pandemia», Impulso, vol. 4, n.o 8, pp. 82-97, oct. 2024, doi: 10.59659/impulso.v.4i8.50.
[12] R. J. Espinoza Casco, D. Yaya Castañeda, R. Gonzalo Chura Lucar, L. Castilla Jibaja, T. Quiroz Quesada, y J. S. Zarat-Suarez, «The experience of the Peruvian customs digitalization process», Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias, vol. 1, p. 258, oct. 2022, doi: 10.56294/sctconf2022258.
[13] V. Zasko, E. Sidorova, V. Komarova, D. Boboshko, y O. Dontsova, «Digitization of the Customs Revenue Administration as a Factor of the Enhancement of the Budget Efficiency of the Russian Federation», Sustainability, vol. 13, n.o 19, p. 10757, sep. 2021, doi: 10.3390/su131910757.
[14] Organización Mundial del Comercio, «Connecting to compete: World Bank Logistics Performance Index 2023». Accedido: 17 de septiembre de 2025. [En línea]. Disponible en: https://www.wto.org
[15] N.-I. Saptebani, «The impact of digitalization on physical customs control, by evaluating the use of non-destructive scanners and artificial intelligence-based systems», Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, vol. 19, n.o 1, pp. 5589-5597, jul. 2025, doi: 10.2478/picbe-2025-0427.
[16] E. Surucu-Balci, Ç. Iris, y G. Balci, «Digital information in maritime supply chains with blockchain and cloud platforms: Supply chain capabilities, barriers, and research opportunities», Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 198, p. 122978, ene. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122978.
[17] K. Yereshko, O. Khoma, y A. Pyslytsia, «Digitalization of Customs Procedures: Current State and Prospects», jpnu, vol. 11, n.o 2, pp. 103-115, jun. 2024, doi: 10.15330/jpnu.11.2.103-115.
[18] E. Enkel y V. Sagmeister, «External corporate venturing modes as new way to develop dynamic capabilities», Technovation, vol. 96-97, p. 102128, ago. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.technovation.2020.102128.
[19] OmarA. Alghamdi y G. Agag, «Competitive advantage: A longitudinal analysis of the roles of data-driven innovation capabilities, marketing agility, and market turbulence», Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, vol. 76, p. 103547, ene. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103547.
[20] A. Bueno Rezende De Castro y L. Kornher, «The effect of trade and customs digitalization on agrifood trade: A gravity approach», Q Open, vol. 3, n.o 1, p. qoac037, ene. 2023, doi: 10.1093/qopen/qoac037.
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