Resumen
La vulnerabilidad sísmica de las viviendas de albañilería confinada constituye un problema relevante en regiones en desarrollo, especialmente en construcciones autogestionadas, cuyo desempeño estructural depende de la calidad del confinamiento. Esta investigación evaluó la influencia de dicha calidad sobre la vulnerabilidad sísmica, considerando el efecto moderador del acoplamiento mecánico de la interfaz. Para ello, se analizaron 326 viviendas mediante inspecciones técnicas y un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales por mínimos cuadrados parciales, complementado con procedimientos de validación estadística. Los resultados evidenciaron que una mayor calidad del confinamiento reduce significativamente la vulnerabilidad sísmica (β = −0,469; p < 0,001), efecto que se intensifica cuando mejora el acoplamiento mecánico entre los elementos estructurales. Se concluye que la eficacia del confinamiento no depende exclusivamente de sus características constructivas, sino también de la integridad de la interfaz, cuya evaluación resulta fundamental para orientar adecuadamente las estrategias de reforzamiento sísmico.
Citas
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