Resumen
La caries en los primeros molares permanentes constituye un problema relevante de salud bucal escolar, cuya relación con los antecedentes de caries podría variar según la maduración del esmalte. Esta investigación evaluó el efecto moderador de la madurez posteruptiva sobre dicha asociación en escolares de 7 a 12 años, agrupados por instituciones educativas. Se aplicó una regresión de Poisson mediante ecuaciones de estimación generalizadas, con errores estándar robustos por conglomerado y ajustes por efecto de diseño. Los resultados evidenciaron que la experiencia previa de caries se asocia con una mayor afectación dental, mientras que la madurez del esmalte presenta una asociación inversa. Asimismo, la interacción negativa significativa indicó que el efecto de los antecedentes disminuye progresivamente conforme aumenta la madurez, hasta perder significación estadística en niveles elevados. Los hallazgos, consistentes ante análisis de sensibilidad, destacan la importancia de considerar la maduración del esmalte en la evaluación del riesgo cariogénico.
Citas
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[10] S. K. Agrawal, T. Bhagat, and A. Shrestha, “Dental caries in permanent first molar and its association with carious primary second molar among 6–11-year-old school children in Sunsari, Nepal,” Int. J. Dent., vol. 2023, Art. no. 9192167, 2023, doi: 10.1155/2023/9192167.
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[12] N. Kotsanos and A. I. Darling, “Influence of posteruptive age of enamel on its susceptibility to artificial caries,” Caries Res., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 241–250, 1991, doi: 10.1159/000261371.
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[14] J. H. Rivas Avila, E. F. Lares Bayona, N. Velázquez Hernández, and S. Estrada Martínez, “Prevalence of dental caries in the first molars in schoolchildren in the municipality of Durango and its relationship with socioeconomic factors,” Int. J. Health Sci., vol. 3, no. 46, 2023, doi: 10.22533/at.ed.1593462328067.
[15] R. K. Gudipaneni et al., “Assessment of caries diagnostic thresholds of DMFT, ICDAS II and CAST in the estimation of caries prevalence rate in first permanent molars in early permanent dentition—A cross-sectional study,” BMC Oral Health, vol. 22, no. 1, Art. no. 133, 2022, doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02134-0.
[16] V. Nand, M. Memon, A. A. Jafferi, M. Ali, S. Memon, and S. Aslam, “Comparison between visual and radiographic methods using ICDAS criteria in permanent molars for detection of occlusal and proximal caries—A comparative study,” Pak. J. Health Sci., vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 140–144, 2025, doi: 10.54393/pjhs.v6i9.3171.
[17] Z. Song and R. Wang, “Fluoride varnish efficacy on first permanent molars caries prevention,” Int. Dent. J., vol. 75, no. Suppl. 1, Art. no. 104401, 2025 (conference abstract), doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2025.104401.
[18] A. Bakhshandeh and V. Qvist, “To seal or restore occlusal caries in permanent molar teeth, 11-year RCT,” Caries Res., vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 544–557, 2025, doi: 10.1159/000544980.
[19] W. J. Albornoz Flores, “Uso de sellantes en la disminución de caries en primeros molares permanentes,” Rev. Gac. Cient. HampiKuna, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2026, doi: 10.46794/gahaku.2.1.2768.
[20] H. B. Saethre-Sundli, N. J. Wang, and T. I. Wigen, “Do enamel and dentine caries at 5 years of age predict caries development in newly erupted teeth? A prospective longitudinal study,” Acta Odontol. Scand., vol. 78, no. 7, pp. 509–514, 2020, doi: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1739330.
[2] Z. Mahboobi, A. Pakdaman, R. Yazdani, L. Azadbakht, A. R. Shamshiri, and A. Babaei, “Caries incidence of the first permanent molars according to the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index and its determinants in children: A cohort study,” BMC Oral Health, vol. 21, no. 1, Art. no. 259, 2021, doi: 10.1186/s12903-021-01612-1.
[3] J. C. Jiménez Núñez, S. K. Velázquez Sánchez, N. A. Alvarado León, K. L. Murillo Santos, and Á. García Pérez, “Severity and associated risk factors of caries in first permanent molars using ICDAS: A cross-sectional study of Mexican schoolchildren,” J. Adv. Oral Res., 2026, doi: 10.1177/23202068261447582.
[4] C. A. Romo-Pérez and C. Villafañe-Aguilar, “Distribution of bilateral dental caries in first permanent molars of vulnerable Colombian schoolchildren: An epidemiological analysis,” Rev. Fac. Odontol. Univ. Antioquia, vol. 38, no. 1, Art. no. e361720, 2026, doi: 10.17533/udea.rfo.v38n1e361720.
[5] J. Ochoa López, A. Cruz Gallegos, and L. Ribadeneira, “Prevalencia de caries dental en primeros molares permanentes de niños entre 6 a 9 años atendidos en la clínica odontológica de la Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial–SERODU, periodo 2016–2017,” Kiru, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 175–182, 2018, doi: 10.24265/kiru.2018.v15n4.04.
[6] C. A. Juárez-Medel, J. Hernández-Clemente, and E. Gutiérrez-Ventura, “Factors associated with severe permanent first molar caries among adolescents from Acapulco, Guerrero,” Rev. Estomatol. Herediana, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 145–153, 2022, doi: 10.20453/reh.v32i2.4213.
[7] R. Alejo, “Factores de riesgo y la producción de caries en primeros molares en escolares 8 a 11 años en instituciones educativas de Cerro Colorado, Arequipa,” Rev. Cient. Andina Sci. Humanit., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 121–130, 2022, doi: 10.57261/rcash.v3i1.47.
[8] C. A. Feldens et al., “Primary dentition caries patterns as predictors of permanent dentition caries: A prospective cohort study,” Caries Res., vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 167–176, 2023, doi: 10.1159/000529620.
[9] Y.-T. Lin, C.-C. Chou, and Y.-T. J. Lin, “Caries experience between primary teeth at 3–5 years of age and future caries in the permanent first molars,” J. Dent. Sci., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 899–904, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.11.014.
[10] S. K. Agrawal, T. Bhagat, and A. Shrestha, “Dental caries in permanent first molar and its association with carious primary second molar among 6–11-year-old school children in Sunsari, Nepal,” Int. J. Dent., vol. 2023, Art. no. 9192167, 2023, doi: 10.1155/2023/9192167.
[11] R. J. M. Lynch, “The primary and mixed dentition, post-eruptive enamel maturation and dental caries: A review,” Int. Dent. J., vol. 63, no. Suppl. 2, pp. 3–13, 2013, doi: 10.1111/idj.12074.
[12] N. Kotsanos and A. I. Darling, “Influence of posteruptive age of enamel on its susceptibility to artificial caries,” Caries Res., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 241–250, 1991, doi: 10.1159/000261371.
[13] S. Garg, A. Dhindsa, P. Poddar, R. Sharma, and S. Singla, “Eruption status of first permanent molar and prevalence of dental caries among school going North Indian children: An epidemiological study,” J. Dent. Health Oral Res., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1–9, 2022, doi: 10.46889/JDHOR.2022.3202.
[14] J. H. Rivas Avila, E. F. Lares Bayona, N. Velázquez Hernández, and S. Estrada Martínez, “Prevalence of dental caries in the first molars in schoolchildren in the municipality of Durango and its relationship with socioeconomic factors,” Int. J. Health Sci., vol. 3, no. 46, 2023, doi: 10.22533/at.ed.1593462328067.
[15] R. K. Gudipaneni et al., “Assessment of caries diagnostic thresholds of DMFT, ICDAS II and CAST in the estimation of caries prevalence rate in first permanent molars in early permanent dentition—A cross-sectional study,” BMC Oral Health, vol. 22, no. 1, Art. no. 133, 2022, doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02134-0.
[16] V. Nand, M. Memon, A. A. Jafferi, M. Ali, S. Memon, and S. Aslam, “Comparison between visual and radiographic methods using ICDAS criteria in permanent molars for detection of occlusal and proximal caries—A comparative study,” Pak. J. Health Sci., vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 140–144, 2025, doi: 10.54393/pjhs.v6i9.3171.
[17] Z. Song and R. Wang, “Fluoride varnish efficacy on first permanent molars caries prevention,” Int. Dent. J., vol. 75, no. Suppl. 1, Art. no. 104401, 2025 (conference abstract), doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2025.104401.
[18] A. Bakhshandeh and V. Qvist, “To seal or restore occlusal caries in permanent molar teeth, 11-year RCT,” Caries Res., vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 544–557, 2025, doi: 10.1159/000544980.
[19] W. J. Albornoz Flores, “Uso de sellantes en la disminución de caries en primeros molares permanentes,” Rev. Gac. Cient. HampiKuna, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2026, doi: 10.46794/gahaku.2.1.2768.
[20] H. B. Saethre-Sundli, N. J. Wang, and T. I. Wigen, “Do enamel and dentine caries at 5 years of age predict caries development in newly erupted teeth? A prospective longitudinal study,” Acta Odontol. Scand., vol. 78, no. 7, pp. 509–514, 2020, doi: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1739330.
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