Abstract
The unsustainable exploitation of natural resources constitutes a critical cause of environmental degradation that compromises ecosystem stability and community well-being. This study aimed to analyze the associated environmental problems and propose mitigation strategies based on scientific evidence. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, consulting Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (2013 - 2025); from 64 initial records, 33 studies were selected. The results identified five main problems: deforestation (7000 - 10000 ha/year), overgrazing as a driver of desertification, water management losses (25 - 35%), aquifer overexploitation affecting more than 100000 people, and illegal quarry extraction with high informality. The main mitigation strategies include reforestation with native species, technified irrigation, payments for ecosystem services, institutional regulation, and community environmental education. It is concluded that collaborative governance and institutional strengthening are key to achieving sustainable regional management.
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