Resumen
La explotación insostenible de los recursos naturales constituye una causa crítica de degradación ambiental que compromete la estabilidad de los ecosistemas y el bienestar de las comunidades. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las problemáticas ambientales asociadas y proponer estrategias de mitigación basadas en evidencia científica. Se realizó una revisión sistemática conforme a PRISMA, consultando Scopus, Web of Science y Google Académico (2013–2025); de 64 registros iniciales se seleccionaron 33 estudios. Los resultados identificaron cinco problemáticas principales: deforestación (7000–10000 ha/año), sobrepastoreo como factor de desertificación, pérdidas en gestión hídrica (25–35 %), sobreexplotación de acuíferos que afecta a más de 100000 personas y extracción ilegal de canteras con alta informalidad. Como estrategias de mitigación destacan la reforestación con especies nativas, el riego tecnificado, la retribución por servicios ecosistémicos, la regulación institucional y la educación ambiental comunitaria. Se concluye que la gobernanza colaborativa y el fortalecimiento institucional son claves para una gestión sostenible regional.
Citas
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