Resumen
La cibervictimización constituye una de las principales manifestaciones de violencia digital por sus efectos sobre la salud mental y el bienestar psicosocial. El objetivo de esta investigación fue sintetizar la evidencia científica sobre la relación entre la cibervictimización, el apoyo social percibido y la resiliencia psicológica mediante una revisión sistemática. Se siguieron las directrices PRISMA, realizando búsquedas en bases de datos científicas y aplicando criterios de inclusión y exclusión para seleccionar los estudios. Finalmente, se incluyeron 20 investigaciones. Los resultados evidenciaron una asociación consistente entre la cibervictimización y la ansiedad, depresión, estrés, baja autoestima, deterioro del bienestar psicológico y conductas autolesivas. Asimismo, el apoyo social percibido, la inteligencia emocional, las relaciones familiares positivas y la resiliencia psicológica fueron identificados como factores protectores. Se concluye que la integración de estos constructos aporta una perspectiva útil para orientar futuras investigaciones e intervenciones dirigidas a fortalecer la salud mental frente a la violencia digital.
Citas
[1] B. Holfeld and F. Mishna, “Internalizing symptoms and externalizing problems: Risk factors for or consequences of cyber victimization?,” Journal of Youth and Adolescence, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 567–580, 2019.
[2] H. G. N. Tran, T. T. Thai, N. T. T. Dang, D. K. Vo, and M. H. T. Duong, “Cyber-Victimization and Its Effect on Depression in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 1124–1139, 2023, doi: 10.1177/15248380211050597.
[3] M. F. Wright and S. Wachs, “Adolescents’ psychological consequences and cyber victimization: The moderation of school-belongingness and ethnicity,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 16, no. 14, p. 2493, 2019, doi: 10.3390/ijerph16142493.
[4] J. F. Estévez, E. Cañas, and E. Estévez, “The impact of cybervictimization on psychological adjustment in adolescence: Analyzing the role of emotional intelligence,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 17, no. 10, p. 3693, 2020, doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103693.
[5] S. Musharraf and M. Anis-ul-Haque, “Impact of cyber aggression and cyber victimization on mental health and well-being of Pakistani young adults: The moderating role of gender,” Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 942–958, 2018, doi: 10.1080/10926771.2017.1422838.
[6] F. Sidera, E. Serrat, and C. Rostan, “Effects of cybervictimization on the mental health of primary school students,” Frontiers in Public Health, vol. 9, Art. no. 588209, 2021, doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.588209.
[7] D. Álvarez-García, T. García, and L. Betts, “Anxiety and self-esteem as causes and consequences of cyber-victimization in preadolescence: A longitudinal study,” European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2025, doi: 10.5093/ejpalc2025a1.
[8] T. T. Quynh Ho and H. T. Nguyen, “Self-disclosure on social networking sites, loneliness and psychological distress among adolescents: The mediating effect of cyber victimization,” European Journal of Developmental Psychology, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 172–188, 2023, doi: 10.1080/17405629.2022.2068523.
[9] G. Torun, F. Akgenç, and Y. Can Öz, “The mediating effect of cyber victimization and cyberbullying on the relationship between social media addiction and emotional and psychological well-being in adolescents,” BMC Psychology, vol. 14, no. 1, Art. no. 355, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-026-04148-7
[10] L. García, C. Q. Orts, and L. R. Peña, “Cibervictimización y satisfacción vital en adolescentes: La inteligencia emocional como variable mediadora,” Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 38–45, 2020.
[11] S. Sayadi and M. Rostami, “Cyber victimization and academic well-being: The mediating role of self-esteem and perceived social support in high school students,” Cogent Education, vol. 13, no. 1, Art. no. 2665875, 2026, doi: 10.1080/2331186X.2026.2665875.
[12] M. Gao et al., “The chain mediating role of emotion dysregulation and non-suicidal self-injury in the relationship between cyber-victimization and suicidal ideation among college students,” Australian Journal of Psychology, vol. 78, no. 1, Art. no. 2644951, 2026, doi: 10.1080/00049530.2026.2644951.
[13] M. M. El-Sayed et al., “Cyber-victimization and suicidal probability among adolescents: The moderating role of parenting styles from a nursing perspective,” Journal of Pediatric Nursing, vol. 86, pp. 250–261, 2026, doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2025.11.025.
[14] E. Krulichová, “The role of the parent–child relationship and parental control in the link between adolescent cyber-victimization, risky internet behavior, and self-control,” European Journal of Criminology, 2026, doi: 10.1177/1477370826144720.
[15] R. Navarro and S. Yubero, “Impacto de la ansiedad social, las habilidades sociales y la cibervictimización en la comunicación online,” Escritos de Psicología, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 4–15, 2012.
[16] D. Álvarez-García, A. Dobarro, and J. C. Núñez, “Validez y fiabilidad del Cuestionario de cibervictimización en estudiantes de Secundaria,” Aula Abierta, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 32–38, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.aula.2014.11.001.
[17] K. G. Duarte Tánori, D. Fregoso Borrego, and J. Á. Vera Noriega, “Relación de cibervictimización y victimización con la autolesión severa: Rol mediador de la autolesión leve,” Ciencias Psicológicas, vol. 20, no. 1, 2026. https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v20i1.4581
[18] D. Álvarez-García, J. C. Núñez, A. D. González, and C. R. Pérez, “Factores de riesgo asociados a cibervictimización en la adolescencia,” International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 226–235, 2015.
[19] T. D. Vázquez, M. J. R. Hurtado, and R. V. Baños, “Factores asociados a la cibervictimización en adolescentes españoles de 12–14 años,” Salud y Drogas, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 11–21, 2019.
[20] D. E. T. García, M. L. G. Olivares, O. O. G. Cruz, A. D. J. Gutiérrez, and G. V. Gómez, “Victimización a través del teléfono móvil e internet y su relación con la depresión, ansiedad y estrés en estudiantes universitarios,” Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores, 2026.
[2] H. G. N. Tran, T. T. Thai, N. T. T. Dang, D. K. Vo, and M. H. T. Duong, “Cyber-Victimization and Its Effect on Depression in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 1124–1139, 2023, doi: 10.1177/15248380211050597.
[3] M. F. Wright and S. Wachs, “Adolescents’ psychological consequences and cyber victimization: The moderation of school-belongingness and ethnicity,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 16, no. 14, p. 2493, 2019, doi: 10.3390/ijerph16142493.
[4] J. F. Estévez, E. Cañas, and E. Estévez, “The impact of cybervictimization on psychological adjustment in adolescence: Analyzing the role of emotional intelligence,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 17, no. 10, p. 3693, 2020, doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103693.
[5] S. Musharraf and M. Anis-ul-Haque, “Impact of cyber aggression and cyber victimization on mental health and well-being of Pakistani young adults: The moderating role of gender,” Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 942–958, 2018, doi: 10.1080/10926771.2017.1422838.
[6] F. Sidera, E. Serrat, and C. Rostan, “Effects of cybervictimization on the mental health of primary school students,” Frontiers in Public Health, vol. 9, Art. no. 588209, 2021, doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.588209.
[7] D. Álvarez-García, T. García, and L. Betts, “Anxiety and self-esteem as causes and consequences of cyber-victimization in preadolescence: A longitudinal study,” European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2025, doi: 10.5093/ejpalc2025a1.
[8] T. T. Quynh Ho and H. T. Nguyen, “Self-disclosure on social networking sites, loneliness and psychological distress among adolescents: The mediating effect of cyber victimization,” European Journal of Developmental Psychology, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 172–188, 2023, doi: 10.1080/17405629.2022.2068523.
[9] G. Torun, F. Akgenç, and Y. Can Öz, “The mediating effect of cyber victimization and cyberbullying on the relationship between social media addiction and emotional and psychological well-being in adolescents,” BMC Psychology, vol. 14, no. 1, Art. no. 355, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-026-04148-7
[10] L. García, C. Q. Orts, and L. R. Peña, “Cibervictimización y satisfacción vital en adolescentes: La inteligencia emocional como variable mediadora,” Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 38–45, 2020.
[11] S. Sayadi and M. Rostami, “Cyber victimization and academic well-being: The mediating role of self-esteem and perceived social support in high school students,” Cogent Education, vol. 13, no. 1, Art. no. 2665875, 2026, doi: 10.1080/2331186X.2026.2665875.
[12] M. Gao et al., “The chain mediating role of emotion dysregulation and non-suicidal self-injury in the relationship between cyber-victimization and suicidal ideation among college students,” Australian Journal of Psychology, vol. 78, no. 1, Art. no. 2644951, 2026, doi: 10.1080/00049530.2026.2644951.
[13] M. M. El-Sayed et al., “Cyber-victimization and suicidal probability among adolescents: The moderating role of parenting styles from a nursing perspective,” Journal of Pediatric Nursing, vol. 86, pp. 250–261, 2026, doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2025.11.025.
[14] E. Krulichová, “The role of the parent–child relationship and parental control in the link between adolescent cyber-victimization, risky internet behavior, and self-control,” European Journal of Criminology, 2026, doi: 10.1177/1477370826144720.
[15] R. Navarro and S. Yubero, “Impacto de la ansiedad social, las habilidades sociales y la cibervictimización en la comunicación online,” Escritos de Psicología, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 4–15, 2012.
[16] D. Álvarez-García, A. Dobarro, and J. C. Núñez, “Validez y fiabilidad del Cuestionario de cibervictimización en estudiantes de Secundaria,” Aula Abierta, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 32–38, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.aula.2014.11.001.
[17] K. G. Duarte Tánori, D. Fregoso Borrego, and J. Á. Vera Noriega, “Relación de cibervictimización y victimización con la autolesión severa: Rol mediador de la autolesión leve,” Ciencias Psicológicas, vol. 20, no. 1, 2026. https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v20i1.4581
[18] D. Álvarez-García, J. C. Núñez, A. D. González, and C. R. Pérez, “Factores de riesgo asociados a cibervictimización en la adolescencia,” International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 226–235, 2015.
[19] T. D. Vázquez, M. J. R. Hurtado, and R. V. Baños, “Factores asociados a la cibervictimización en adolescentes españoles de 12–14 años,” Salud y Drogas, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 11–21, 2019.
[20] D. E. T. García, M. L. G. Olivares, O. O. G. Cruz, A. D. J. Gutiérrez, and G. V. Gómez, “Victimización a través del teléfono móvil e internet y su relación con la depresión, ansiedad y estrés en estudiantes universitarios,” Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores, 2026.
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